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Find more answers. As a short-distance track and field runner in high school and college, I often found myself wondering which of the eight or sometimes nine lanes on the track was the fastest. It was conventional wisdom that the middle lanes — lanes three through six — were the best. This idea, in a way, is baked into the rules of track and field. In events with multiple heats — from the college level all the way to the Olympics — the people who run faster times in earlier heats are assigned to middle lanes in later heats.
In other words, the fastest runners are rewarded with what are, supposedly, better lane assignments. My short-lived track career is long behind me, but in my professional life as an economist , I think a great deal about using statistics to extract meaning from data.
With the Olympics on my mind, I decided to examine the validity of lane assignment folklore from my days as a sprinter. Using 20 years of track and field data from the International Association of Athletics Federations , I found that the long-held beliefs about lane advantages are not supported by the data. And in fact, for the meter sprint, the evidence suggests that lanes often perceived as the least desirable are actually the fastest.
Tighter turns and staggered starting positions supposedly make inside and outside lanes slower. If lane assignments do matter, their impact would be most noticeable for events where the runners have to stay in their lanes for all of, or at least a large part of, the race, like meter, meter, meter, and meter events.
In my experience, the myth of the middle lane being the fastest is most commonly associated with fast-paced races that also include corners, so the and There are two rationales behind this point of view, and they have to do with why the inside and outside lanes are bad, more than why middle lanes are better. The reasoning for why inside lanes are bad is that in races with turns, the inside lanes are slower because the corners are too tight. Indeed, researchers who study the biomechanics of running find that tighter corners do slow runners down.
The rationale behind slow outside lanes has to do with the staggered starts required to make sure each racer runs the same distance. The reasoning for why inside lanes are bad is that in races with turns, the inside lanes are slower because the corners are too tight.
Indeed, researchers who study the biomechanics of running find that tighter corners do slow runners down. The rationale behind slow outside lanes has to do with the staggered starts required to make sure each racer runs the same distance.
Due to this staggering, runners in the outside lanes cannot see their competitors for the majority of the race. In most races, the fastest runners are assigned to the middle lanes in accordance with the competition rules.
Not surprisingly, the fastest runners—who are in the middle lanes—often win. Are these racers winning because those lanes are the fastest or because those runners tend to be the fastest?
Similar to the idea behind clinical trials for a drug, the ideal way to test lane advantages would be to randomly assign runners to lanes and see how they do on average. Thankfully, there is a subset of race data that does this: Typically, runners are randomly assigned to lanes in the first heats of events. By using data only from first heats of elite track and field events, I was able eliminate the bias from faster runners being assigned to certain lanes. For the —which is run on a straightaway—I found no evidence of lane advantages.
I found that it is in fact outside lanes that are associated with faster race times—on average lane eight is roughly 0. This is sizable for a race in which the world record is Faster outside lanes make sense biomechanically as tighter corners produce slower race times. But the result seems to disprove the idea that not seeing competitors can slow a runner down. In the , I found no evidence that middle lanes are fastest.
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